Results: During a median follow-up of 7.8 y, 2860 total deaths occurred, including 726 CVD deaths and 671 cancer deaths. For foods and beverages for which matches were reported, no difference in the gap between true and reported portion sizes was observed ( P = 0.11). Within conditions, gaps were significant for protein, vitamin D, and meat (both conditions) vitamin A, iron, and magnesium (independent condition) and folate, calcium, and vegetables (assisted condition). The gaps between true intake and intake based upon reported consumption were significantly different between conditions for iron and folate.
The average number of intrusions (reported but not consumed) was 2.4 and 2.5 ( P = 0.57) for the independent and assisted conditions, respectively. Commonly excluded foods were additions to main dishes (e.g., tomatoes in salad).
For both conditions, exclusions (consumed but not reported) were highest for lunch (at which participants consumed about twice the number of distinct foods/beverages on average compared to breakfast and dinner). Results: Participants who completed ASA24 independently compared with assistance reported 71.9% and 73.5% ( P = 0.26) of items truly consumed, respectively.
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